MCQs on Lymphatic System, Inflammation & Haematological Diseases

(GPAT, NIPER, AIIMS Pharmacist, Railway Pharmacist, SSC, ESIC & State Pharmacist Exams)

1. Which lymphatic organ is responsible for T-lymphocyte maturation?

A. Spleen
B. Bone marrow
C. Thymus
D. Lymph node

Answer: C. Thymus

Explanation: T-cells mature in the thymus, whereas B-cells mature in bone marrow.

2. Which of the following lymphatic organs filters blood rather than lymph?

A. Lymph node
B. Tonsil
C. Spleen
D. Peyer's patches

Answer: C. Spleen

3. Chyle is absorbed from the intestine mainly through

A. Sinusoids
B. Lacteals
C. Venules
D. Arterioles

Answer: B. Lacteals

4. The thoracic duct drains lymph from

A. Right upper quadrant only
B. Entire body except right upper quadrant
C. Head and neck only
D. Lower limbs only

Answer: B. Entire body except right upper quadrant

5. The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from

A. Both lower limbs
B. Entire body
C. Right upper limb, right thorax, and right side of head and neck
D. Abdomen

Answer: C. Right upper limb, right thorax, and right side of head and neck

6. Lymph differs from plasma mainly because it contains

A. More proteins
B. More RBCs
C. Less protein
D. More platelets

Answer: C. Less protein

7. Which force primarily favors lymph formation?

A. Plasma oncotic pressure
B. Interstitial oncotic pressure
C. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Lymphatic pressure

Answer: C. Capillary hydrostatic pressure

8. Obstruction of lymphatic vessels commonly results in

A. Anemia
B. Edema
C. Polycythemia
D. Leukopenia

Answer: B. Edema

9. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

A. Fat absorption
B. Immune defense
C. Maintenance of fluid balance
D. Hemoglobin synthesis

Answer: D. Hemoglobin synthesis

10. The largest lymphatic organ in the body is

A. Thymus
B. Spleen
C. Appendix
D. Tonsil

Answer: B. Spleen

11. Cardinal signs of inflammation were originally described as all EXCEPT

A. Rubor
B. Tumor
C. Calor
D. Cyanosis

Answer: D. Cyanosis

12. Which mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation during acute inflammation?

A. Histamine
B. Thromboxane A2
C. Endothelin
D. Fibrinogen

Answer: A. Histamine

13. Histamine is mainly released from

A. Neutrophils
B. Mast cells
C. RBCs
D. Fibroblasts

Answer: B. Mast cells

14. The first leukocytes to arrive at the site of acute inflammation are

A. Eosinophils
B. Monocytes
C. Neutrophils
D. Basophils

Answer: C. Neutrophils

15. Which inflammatory mediator is derived from arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase (COX)?

A. Histamine
B. Bradykinin
C. Prostaglandins
D. Complement C3a

Answer: C. Prostaglandins

16. Bradykinin is mainly responsible for

A. Fever
B. Pain
C. Clotting
D. Chemotaxis

Answer: B. Pain

17. Which cytokine is chiefly responsible for fever during inflammation?

A. IL-1
B. IL-10
C. IL-4
D. IL-5

Answer: A. IL-1

18. Margination refers to

A. RBC destruction
B. Movement of leukocytes to vessel periphery
C. Platelet aggregation
D. Clot dissolution

Answer: B. Movement of leukocytes to vessel periphery

19. Which complement component acts as a potent chemotactic factor?

A. C1
B. C2
C. C3a
D. C5a

Answer: D. C5a

20. Granulation tissue is characterized by

A. Necrosis and calcification
B. Fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis
C. Hemorrhage only
D. RBC accumulation

Answer: B. Fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis

21. Healing by primary intention occurs in

A. Large infected wounds
B. Surgical incisions with clean edges
C. Burn injuries
D. Pressure ulcers

Answer: B. Surgical incisions with clean edges

22. Which mediator increases vascular permeability most rapidly?

A. Histamine
B. TNF-α
C. IL-2
D. Interferon

Answer: A. Histamine

23. Which leukocyte predominates in chronic inflammation?

A. Neutrophil
B. Monocyte/Macrophage
C. Basophil
D. Platelet

Answer: B. Monocyte/Macrophage

Iron Deficiency Anaemia

24. Iron deficiency anemia is typically

A. Macrocytic hypochromic
B. Normocytic normochromic
C. Microcytic hypochromic
D. Megaloblastic

Answer: C. Microcytic hypochromic

25. Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?

A. Increased serum ferritin
B. Increased serum iron
C. Decreased ferritin
D. Increased vitamin B12

Answer: C. Decreased ferritin

26. Pica is commonly associated with

A. Hemophilia
B. Iron deficiency anemia
C. Thalassemia major
D. Polycythemia

Answer: B. Iron deficiency anemia

27. Megaloblastic anemia results from defective

A. Protein synthesis
B. DNA synthesis
C. Fat metabolism
D. Iron absorption

Answer: B. DNA synthesis

28. Vitamin B12 deficiency commonly causes

A. Peripheral neuropathy
B. Hemarthrosis
C. Splenic rupture
D. Polycythemia

Answer: A. Peripheral neuropathy

29. Which deficiency produces megaloblastic anemia without neurological manifestations?

A. Iron deficiency
B. Folic acid deficiency
C. Copper deficiency
D. Vitamin K deficiency

Answer: B. Folic acid deficiency

30. Hypersegmented neutrophils are characteristic of

A. Hemolytic anemia
B. Iron deficiency anemia
C. Megaloblastic anemia
D. Aplastic anemia

Answer: C. Megaloblastic anemia

Sickle Cell Anaemia

31. Sickle cell anemia results from substitution of

A. Lysine for glutamic acid
B. Valine for glutamic acid
C. Histidine for valine
D. Glycine for alanine

Answer: B. Valine for glutamic acid

32. The abnormal hemoglobin in sickle cell disease is

A. HbA
B. HbA2
C. HbF
D. HbS

Answer: D. HbS

33. Sickling is enhanced by

A. High oxygen tension
B. Alkalosis
C. Hypoxia
D. Hyperoxia

Answer: C. Hypoxia

34. Repeated sickling episodes primarily cause

A. Increased clotting factor synthesis
B. Vaso-occlusion
C. Polycythemia
D. Megaloblastosis

Answer: B. Vaso-occlusion

Thalassemia

35. Thalassemia is characterized by

A. Defective globin chain synthesis
B. Defective iron absorption
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Platelet dysfunction

Answer: A. Defective globin chain synthesis

36. β-thalassemia major typically presents in

A. Newborn period
B. After 6 months of age
C. Adolescence
D. Old age

Answer: B. After 6 months of age

37. "Crew-cut" appearance on skull X-ray is associated with

A. Hemophilia
B. Iron deficiency anemia
C. β-Thalassemia major
D. Aplastic anemia

Answer: C. β-Thalassemia major

38. Which hemoglobin level is increased in β-thalassemia major?

A. HbA
B. HbF
C. HbA2 only
D. HbH

Answer: B. HbF

Hereditary and Acquired Anaemias

39. Which is a hereditary hemolytic anemia?

A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Sickle cell anemia
C. Anemia of chronic disease
D. Megaloblastic anemia

Answer: B. Sickle cell anemia

40. Aplastic anemia is characterized by

A. Pancytopenia
B. Polycythemia
C. Leukocytosis
D. Thrombocytosis

Answer: A. Pancytopenia

41. The most common acquired cause of anemia worldwide is

A. Vitamin B12 deficiency
B. Iron deficiency
C. Hemophilia
D. Thalassemia

Answer: B. Iron deficiency

Hemophilia

42. Hemophilia A results from deficiency of

A. Factor VIII
B. Factor IX
C. Factor VII
D. Factor X

Answer: A. Factor VIII

43. Hemophilia B is due to deficiency of

A. Factor VIII
B. Factor IX
C. Factor XI
D. Factor XII

Answer: B. Factor IX

44. Hemophilia is inherited as

A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked dominant
D. X-linked recessive

Answer: D. X-linked recessive

45. A characteristic clinical feature of hemophilia is

A. Petechiae
B. Hemarthrosis
C. Jaundice
D. Cyanosis

Answer: B. Hemarthrosis

46. Which coagulation test is prolonged in hemophilia?

A. Bleeding time only
B. Prothrombin time (PT)
C. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
D. Clot retraction

Answer: C. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

47. The most potent endogenous pyrogen among the following is

A. IL-1
B. Histamine
C. Bradykinin
D. Fibrinogen

Answer: A. IL-1

48. Which inflammatory mediator is synthesized rather than preformed?

A. Histamine
B. Serotonin
C. Prostaglandins
D. Heparin

Answer: C. Prostaglandins

49. Which condition is associated with defective lymphatic drainage leading to elephantiasis?

A. Malaria
B. Filariasis
C. Tuberculosis
D. Leprosy

Answer: B. Filariasis

50. A patient with megaloblastic anemia has neurological symptoms. The most likely deficiency is

A. Iron
B. Folic acid
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin K

Answer: C. Vitamin B12

Exam Booster

Topic Fact

• T-cell maturation Thymus

• B-cell maturation Bone marrow

• Blood filter Spleen

• Lymph fat absorption Lacteals

• Vasodilation Histamine

• Pain mediator Bradykinin

• Fever mediator IL-1, TNF-α

• Chemotaxis C5a

• Iron deficiency anemia Microcytic hypochromic

• Megaloblastic anemia Hypersegmented neutrophils

• Sickle cell mutation Valine replaces glutamic acid

• β-Thalassemia Reduced β-globin synthesis

• Hemophilia A Factor VIII deficiency

• Hemophilia B Factor IX deficiency

• Hemophilia test ↑ aPTT, normal PT