HSBTE DMLT Syllabus IVth Semester ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION SKILL, CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY –II, IMMUNOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY, ANALYTICAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY, MEDICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT, ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT,

ENGLISH AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS – II

• UNIT I

• Reading

  • 1.1 Techniques of reading: Skimming and Scanning

  • 1.2 Extensive and Intensive Reading

  • 1.3 The Portrait of a Lady - Khushwant Singh

  • 1.4 ‘The Doctor’s Word’ by R K Narayan

  • 1.5 Speech by Dr Kiran Bedi at IIM Indore2007 Leadership Concepts

  • 1.6 The Bet - by Anton Chekov

• UNIT II

• Effective Communication Skills

  • 2.1 Modern means of Communication (Video Conferencing, e-mail, Teleconferencing)

  • 2.2 Effective Communication Skills: 7 C’s of Communication

  • 2.3 Non-verbal Communication – Significance, Types, and Techniques for Effective Communication

  • 2.4 Barriers and Effectiveness in Listening Skills

  • 2.5 Barriers and Effectiveness in Speaking Skills

• UNIT III

• Professional Writing

  • 3.1 Correspondence: Enquiry letters, placing orders, complaint letters

  • 3.2 Report Writing

  • 3.3 Memos

  • 3.4 Circulars

  • 3.5 Press Release

  • 3.6 Inspection Notes

  • 3.7 Corrigendum writing

  • 3.8 Application for Job

  • 3.9 Tips for Note-taking

  • 3.10 Drawing inferences

• UNIT IV

• Grammar and Vocabulary

  • 4.1 Prepositions

  • 4.2 Conjunctions

  • 4.3 Punctuation

  • 4.4 Idioms and Phrases

  • 4.5 Pairs of words (Words commonly misused and confused)

  • 4.6 Translation of Administrative and Technical Terms in Hindi or Mother tongue

• UNIT V

• Employable Skills

  • 5.1 Presentation Skills: How to prepare and deliver a good presentation

  • 5.2 Telephone Etiquettes

  • 5.3 Importance of developing employable and soft skills

  • 5.4 Resume Writing: Definition, Kinds of Resume, Difference between Bio-data and Curriculum Vitae, and Preparing a Resume for Job/ Internship

  • 5.5 Group discussions: Concept and fundamentals of GD, Functional and Non-functional roles in GD, and learning Group Dynamics.

CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY –II L P 3 4

• UNIT I

• Haemostasis

  • 1.1 Introduction to normal hemostasis.

  • 1.2 Theories of blood coagulation.

  • 1.3 Platelets and their role in haemostasis including count.

  • 1.4 Bleeding disorders and related diseases.

  • 1.5 Principles, clinical importance, reference values, and methods of prothrombin time, prothrombin time index (PTI) International normalized ratio (INR), Activated Partial Thromboplastin time (APTT), Thrombin Time (TT), bleeding time (BT), Hess test, clotting time (CT), and clot retraction test (CRT).

• UNIT II

• Bone – marrow

  • 2.1 Composition and function of bone marrow.

  • 2.2 Aspiration of bone marrow by various methods.

  • 2.3 Preparation, staining, and examination of bone marrow smears for myelogram including M.E. Ratio.

  • 2.4 Iron staining (Perls’ reaction).

  • 2.5 Significance of bone-marrow examination.

• UNIT III

• Leukemia

  • 3.1 Definition of leukemias.

  • 3.2 (FAB) Classification.

  • 3.3 Laboratory diagnosis of various leukemias.

• UNIT IV

• LE Cell Phenomenon

  • 4.1 Phenomenon of LE cell, its differentiation from tart cell.

  • 4.2 Demonstration of LE cell by various methods.

  • 4.3 Clinical significance.

• UNIT V

• Biological Body Fluids

  • 5.1 Semen Analysis in detail.

  • 5.2 Cell counts of various biological fluids.

• IMMUNOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY L P 3 2

• UNIT I

  • 1.1 Introduction to Mycology

  • 1.2 Characteristics and classification of medically important fungi

• UNIT II

  • 2.1 Collection, processing of samples for fungal infection in Skin, Nail, and Hair

    • - KOH preparation

    • - LCB (Lactophenol cotton blue)

    • - India ink

  • 2.2 Fungal Culture media

    • SDA (sabouraud's dextrose agar) with and without antibiotics

    • CMA (Com meal agar)

    • BHI (Brain Heart Infusion)

• UNIT III

  • 3.1 Fungal Cultivation

    • Medically important fungi - Candida, Dermatophytes

  • 3.2 Laboratory Contaminants - Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus

• UNIT IV

  • 4.1 Antigen-Antibody Reactions

  • 4.2 Principle and applications of agglutination, precipitation, and flocculation reactions

• UNIT V

  • 5.1 Principle, techniques, and application of ELISA (direct and indirect)

  • 5.2 Principles, techniques, and interpretation of

    • i) Widal - Tube method/ Titre slide method

    • ii) Anti-streptolysin O

    • iii) C-reactive protein VDRL/RPR

    • iv) VDRL/RPR

    • v) Rheumatoid factor (RF)

4.4 ANALYTICAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY L P 3 2

• UNIT I

• Urine Analysis

  • 1.1 Normal composition of urine

  • 1.2 Qualitative analysis of proteins, sugar, ketone bodies, bilirubin, and blood.

  • 1.3 Detailed discussion on glycosuria and albuminuria

  • 1.4 Clinical significance of urine analysis

• UNIT II

• Renal Function Tests (Renal clearance Tests)

  • 2.1 Urea Clearance Test

  • 2.2 Creatinine clearance test

  • 2.3 Clinical Significance of Renal Function Test (RFT)

• UNIT III

• Stool Chemistry

  • 3.1 Physical characteristics and chemical composition of stool

  • 3.2 Detection of occult blood and excess fat in stool

  • 3.3 Significance of the presence of blood and excess fat in the stool

• UNIT IV

• Electrophoresis and Chromatography

  • 4.1 Principle and Theory of Electrophoresis

  • 4.2 Types of Electrophoresis

  • 4.3 Clinical significance/applications of Electrophoresis

  • 4.4 Principle and Theory of Chromatography

  • 4.5 Types of Chromatography

  • 4.6 Clinical significance/applications of Chromatography

• UNIT V

• Thyroid Function Tests and Automation in Biochemistry

  • 5.1 Clinical Significance of T3, T4 and TSH

  • 5.2 Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) Test

  • 5.3 Free Thyroid Profile Tests (Free T3, T4, and TSH Test)

  • 5.4 Definition and introduction of auto analyzers in clinical biochemistry

  • 5.5 Classification and types of Auto analyzers

4.5 IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY L P 3 4

• UNIT I

• Special stains

  • 1.1 Principle, significance, and interpretation of different types of stains

    • - PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff’s Reagent)

    • - Silver impergnation stain – Reticulin fibre

    • - Ziehl Neelson’s – for AFB and Leprae

    • - Masson’s trichrome stain

    • - Oil Red O – fat

    • - Gram’s stain – Gram +ve and Gram –ve

  • 1.2 Definition of Decalcification

  • 1.3 Process of decalcification

  • 1.4 Various types of decalcifying methods, Their mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and applications

  • 1.5 Assessment of Decalcification

• UNIT II

• Handling of fresh histological tissues (Frozen Section)

  • 2.1 Reception and processing of frozen tissue

  • 2.2 Freezing microtome and cryostat

  • 2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of freezing microtome and cryostat

  • 2.4 Working, care, and maintenance of freezing microtome and cryostat

  • 2.5 Frozen section cutting

  • 2.6 Staining

    • - Rapid H&E

    • - Fat stain

  • 2.7 Mounting of frozen section

• UNIT III

• Museum Techniques

  • 3.1 Introduction to the museum with emphasis on the importance of the museum

  • 3.2 Reception, fixation, and processing of various museum specimens

  • 3.3 Cataloguing of museum specimen

  • 3.4 Introduction to Autopsy Technique

  • 3.5 Care and maintenance of autopsy area, autopsy instruments,

  • 3.6 handling of Dead Bodies and various Uses of autopsy

• UNIT IV

• Aspiration Cytology

  • 4.1 Principle of FNAC (Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology)

  • 4.2 Procedure of FNAC

  • 4.3 Indications of FNAC 4.4 Uses of FNAC

• UNIT V

• Cytological Special Stains

  • 5.1 Principle, Technique & Interpretation of PAS (Periodic Acid Schiffs reagent Stain)

  • 5.2 Principle, Technique & Interpretation of Zeihl Neelson’s (ZN) Stain (AFB)

  • 5.3 Advancements in Cytology, Automation in Cytology, Use of Cytospin

  • 5.4 Hormonal Assessment, Importance of HCG 5.5 Use of Hormonal Assessment (Pregnancy Test)

4.6 MEDICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT L P 3

• UNIT I

• Introduction and importance of Medical Laboratory Management, the layout of clinical laboratory, Facility in Clinical Laboratory. Role of Medical Laboratory in Total Health Care.

• UNIT II

• Material management in clinical Laboratory (procurement, financial resources, importing, inventory, inspection, storage). Quality Assurance (Analytical control, Internal and external quality assurance in clinical laboratories important terms; precision, accuracy, standard deviation as per national standards)

• UNIT III

• Safety Precautions

• Safety measures in clinical laboratories.Disposal of Biomedical waste.

• First Aid in Clinical Laboratory:

• (Acid burn/Alkali burn, Accidental trauma, Gas/Toxic inhalation).

• Laboratory Equipment - Care and Maintenance.

• UNIT IV

• Introduction to Laboratory Accreditation and its importance.

• Introduction and Importance of Medical Ethics and Code of Conduct

• Ethics and code of conduct - legal aspects – confidentiality malpractice/ negligence, lawsuits, consumer protection, and insurance for professional health hazards

• UNIT V

• Role of Computer in Lab Services

• Storage and retrieval of laboratory data manually and with the help of computer software and QR Code

4.7 ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT L P 3 –

• UNIT I

• Entrepreneurship: Concept and definitions, classification and types of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial competencies, Traits / Qualities of entrepreneurs, manager v/s entrepreneur, role of Entrepreneur, barriers in entrepreneurship, Sole proprietorship and partnership forms of business organizations, small business vs startup, critical components for establishing a start-up, Leadership: Definition and Need, Manager Vs leader, Types of leadership

• UNIT II

• Definition of MSME (micro, small, and medium enterprises), significant provisions of the MSME Act, the importance of feasibility studies, technical, marketing, and finance-related problems faced by new enterprises, major labor issues in MSMEs and its related laws, Obtaining financial assistance through various government schemes like Prime Minister Employment Generation Program (PMEGP) Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), Make in India, Start-up India,

• Stand up India, National Urban Livelihood Mission (NULM); Schemes of assistance by entrepreneurial support agencies at National, State, and District level: NSIC, NRDC, DC: MSME, SIDBI, NABARD, Commercial Banks, SFC’s TCO, KVIB, DIC, Technology Business Incubator (TBI) and Science and Technology Entrepreneur Parks (STEP).

• UNIT III

• NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT: Definition, Nature of Management, Management as a Process, Management as Science and Art, Management Functions, Management and Administration, Managerial Skills, Levels of Management; Leadership.

• PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING: Planning and Forecasting - Meaning and definition, Features, Steps in Planning Process, Approaches, Principles, Importance, Advantages and Disadvantages of Planning, Types of Plans, Types of Planning, Management by Objective. Decision Making-Meaning, Characteristics.

• UNIT IV

• ORGANISING AND ORGANISATION STRUCTURE: Organising Process - Meaning and Definition, Characteristics Process, Need and Importance, Principles, Span of Management, Organisational Chart - Types, Contents, Uses, Limitations, Factors Affecting Organisational Chart.

• STAFFING: Meaning, Nature, Importance, Staffing process. Manpower Planning, Recruitment, Selection, Orientation and Placement, Training, Remuneration.

• CONTROLLING AND CO-ORDINATION Controlling - Meaning, Features, Importance, Control Process, Characteristics of an effective control system, Types of Control. Coordination - characteristics, essentials.

• UNIT V

• Market Survey and Opportunity Identification, Scanning of the business environment, Assessment of demand and supply in potential growth areas, Project Report Preparation, Detailed project report including technical, economic, and market feasibility, Common errors in project report preparations, Exercises on preparing the project report.

Dr Pramila Singh